Understanding ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)

ADHD is a common condition that affects how a person pays attention, controls their energy, and manages impulses. It often begins in childhood, but many people continue to have symptoms as adults. ADHD can make everyday tasks at home, school, or work more challenging.

What Are the Symptoms?
People with ADHD may have problems with attention, hyperactivity, impulsiveness - or all three. Common signs include:

Trouble with attention:

  • Easily distracted

  • Trouble focusing on tasks or instructions

  • Often loses things

  • Frequently daydreams

  • Difficulty staying organized or finishing tasks

Hyperactive or impulsive behavior:

  • Fidgeting or squirming

  • Difficulty staying seated

  • Talking a lot or interrupting others

  • Always “on the go” or feeling restless

  • Trouble playing quietly

  • Acting without thinking

Types of ADHD
There are three types, based on the symptoms someone has:

  1. Inattentive Type – Mostly struggles with focus and paying attention
  2. Hyperactive-Impulsive Type – Mostly has high energy and acts without thinking
  3. Combined Type – Has both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms

What Causes ADHD?
The exact cause isn’t known, but it likely involves:

  • Genetics – ADHD tends to run in families
  • Brain development – Some differences in brain structure and function
  • Environmental factors – Things like exposure to toxins or premature birth may increase the risk

How Is ADHD Diagnosed?
A mental health professional will do a full evaluation. This often includes:

  • Talking with the person and their family
  • Reviewing behaviors at home, school, or work
  • Using checklists or rating scales completed by parents, teachers, or the person themselves

How Is ADHD Treated?
While there’s no cure for ADHD, treatment can help manage symptoms and improve daily life. Treatment options include:

  • Medication – Stimulants are commonly used to improve focus and reduce impulsive behavior. Non-stimulants may also help.
  • Therapy – Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can teach skills like planning, time management, and emotional control
  • Education and Support – Learning about ADHD helps both individuals and families better understand how to manage it.